GEOMETRY : always : central role in architecture
Recently: re emphasized by advances in CAD and digital fabrications and performance analysis methods
The arrival of parametric digital modeling changes digital representations of architectural design from explicit geometric notations to instrumental geometric relationships.
Shift from primarily design the shape to setting up relationships and principles described through parametric equations that can derive particular design instances as a response to specific variables , expressions, conditionals statements and scripts.
SmartGeometry Group:
Robert Aish
Lars Hesselgren
J Parrish
Hugh Whitehead
All of them pioneer in this area.
The objective of the group is to create intellectual foundations
Change can be only additive, not subtractive, so they do not reject the existing (more informal or intuitive approaches to design) but they add to the established skills other complementary formal systems of notation that would allow for the creation and control of more complex geometry.
Complex geometry suggests and resolves both structural efficiency and environmental sensitivity.
Parametric approach has already been in use in the aero, automotive, naval and product design industries
The advent of digital fabrication techniques has made possible the concept of “mass customization”, which is allowing technologies to learn from each others and borrow technologies.
The core technology for the shift resides in software engineering
The success of a piece of software is about the match or mismatch of assumptions between the software designer and the users.
Buildings are collections of objects. If the design changes, then these collections have to respond.
To support a flexible approach to design, then this requires that the concept of flexibility and responsiveness is programmed from the beginning, and designers must understand how to control this type of flexibility, how to think abstractly about design with an “ algebra of collections”
The group contribute in different ways to the evolution of the software GenerativeComponents,
Keys to this next generation of CAD software:
1.implication ( allows the implication of change to be explored via automatic change propagation.
2. conditional modeling: encode and exercise alternative implications allowing changes in behavior or configuration of the geometric construct
3. extensibility: turn parametric models into reusable components, where the behavior of the component is defined by the original model
4. components: transition form digital components representing physical entities to devices for cognitive structuring
5. replication: operate on sets of digital components, potentiality where each set member can uniquely respond to variation in its context
6. programatic design: combine declarative representations in the form of an implication structure and procedural representations
7.multiple representations: for the user to simultaneously create and operate on different, complementary, linked representations
8.transactional model of design: representations are an editable, re- executable design history
What it is being represented with this software arte design decisions, a “transactional “model that allows a sequence of alternative decisions to be constructed , exercised and evaluated.
Parametric designs systems are introducing a whole new set of concepts, based on design theory, computational theory and object-oriented software engineering that may be quite unfamiliar to practicing designers. With the aim of exploiting advantages of parametric design processes, new ways of enabling and structuring the development of geometrically complex buildings have been established.
i.e: sequence of design at Foster and Partners:
1. workflow
2.suitables techniques to test different combinations
3. the result forms the brief for the development of custom tools to be tested by the design team, allowing generation and control in complex building geometries
Parametric model seems to be versatile but, the more complex and detailed the model, the more difficult it is to simplified it and then, it is expensive. So, consultants prefer to engineer a design only when the configuration has become stable. However, when the model is generative, it becomes easier to produce multiple representations, which remains associative to the conceptual framework. This ability allows to track comparative options and to perform more iteration of the analysis of cycles. Main impact: decision-making process.
Parametric modeling has been understood as instrumental for its ability in improving workflow, its rapid adaptability to changing input and its delivery of precise geometric data for digital fabrication and performance analysis.
i.e : benefits of scripting:
1.simultaneous generation of multiple representations within a single model
2.independent development of a component configuration and individual component strategies.
3.a computer generated model gave a precise control over the values and relationships within the component system
4.The script can become a synthesis of all design ideas and be constantly modified and adapted during the design process.
5.It can be used as a sketching tool to test new ideas.
6.It is possible to generate thousands of different options(and fast), so, it is very important to have a clear strategy for evaluating the generated options ( cf. structural, environmental, acoustic, aesthetic..)
Architectural images
Thames Gateway / Zaha Hadid Architects
http://www.tate.org.uk/modern/exhibitions/globalcities/commissions.shtm
Surface Tassellations / Marco Vanucci
The script develops a surface tessellation exercise where components are distributed along the surface: this is a recursive script where the surface is subdivided according to its degree of curvature. In this manner smaller components are allocated where curvature is steeper, bigger ones where the curvature is rather flat.
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